Archive for January, 2009

Wait! Don’t paint that plane.

January 6th, 2009

We’ve all seen planes (if you haven’t click here) and some of us flew on them. You stand at the gate looking in admiration at the beautiful machine. Fascinated by the curves on its body and the shear size of its engines, or maybe that’s only me. But I am sure that most of us have noticed that airplanes tend to be nicely painted with the airline colours. It makes it look good, acts as marketing material and adds to the flight experience.

But there is also a technical reason why airlines paint planes, and that’s to protect the body from corrosion. As the paint fades away though, planes get repainted. And then repainted and then repainted. And after some time, believe it or not, all this paint has added weight on the plane. A Boeing 747 for example when fully painted adds 250Kg of paint (see here). So paint it only twice and you have half a ton extra on the plane. If you remove 500Kg off a 747 you can reduce carbon emissions by 0.2% OK it’s not much, but it doesn’t take much effort not to paint a plane.

Or does it? In order to protect the plane against corrosion once the paint is gone, we must polish it. If we polish our 747 and put some airline logos on it we end up with only 25 Kg of paint on it, so quite a good saving.

Now think about those airlines which charge you a lot of money for that extra kilogram you have in your bag. Every extra kilogram burns some extra fuel and that costs a lot of money. And since the major cost for airlines is fuel, it pays to take 250Kg off your plane. So if I was a CEO of an airline, you would hear me shouting “Wait! Don’t paint that plane.”

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Being energy efficient is not always good for the enviornment

January 5th, 2009

I can hear you already asking yourself, we all know that energy efficiency is good for the environment, so what kind of play on words is this? What kind of game is he playing here? The game here is to look at the bigger picture. We tend to always look at the smaller picture. Oh my new car only emits this little amount of carbon per Km (or mile), I liked it so much I had it specially flown from Japan to Europe so I can order my own customised one. And voila, the damage is done.

Let’s take another example. What happens when you want to decrease the carbon footprint of your house and also the heating bill? You install insulation. So you insulate the wall, you insulate the loft, you double glaze your windows and you wrap the whole house in a blanket. And just to make sure that the heat doesn’t really escape you have put half a metre thick insulation on your walls. In order to manufacture this insulation however, some energy was expended and some carbon was emitted. As you add more and more insulation the savings this extra layer of  insulation does is not as much as the first layer of insulation. What you want to do is to only add more insulation if it is going to save more carbon than was used to manufacture it, ship it, install it and get rid of it at the end of its life. So there comes a point where adding more insulation will not save as much carbon as was emitted to put it in place. This means that you are actually harming the environment by installing more insulation. You are better off letting the heat escape from the house.

So it is important, in the midst of our extreme enthusiasm to be as green as possible, to realise that sometimes we can take it too far. And when we do take it too far, we end up hurting ourselves and the trees we love. So take it easy and keep an open mind.

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How much carbon do you emit through Facebook?

January 4th, 2009

3% of the electricity produced by the US goes into its computers. We tend to think of computers as a low energy consumption devices, and they are. But without much notice they have crept into every aspect of our life. And now the computers in the US use 3% of its electricity. I wonder how much kettles use.

And some of those computers are housed in massive data centres such as those that are running Facebook. As Facebook adds 600,000 new users every day and as their monthly electricity bill passes $1,000,000 (see here), a lot of carbon is being emitted. We don’t really see it but every time we click on a Facebook link, some computer starts processing and some hard disk starts turning (if it wasn’t already) and some network card starts sending, all contributing to the electricity usage and thus the carbon emissions. But how much is all of this really.

My suggestion to Facebook, which any reasonable person in Facebook would strongly reject, is to put a small counter somewhere on the screen that measures your contribution to Facebook’s carbon emissions. Let’s find out how much carbon we emitted just by browsing through our friend’s photos because we are bored at work.

A quick calculation to show how much electricity each user is responsible for consuming (1m dollars / 140m users) will give you about 8.5 cents worth of electricity per year. Of course you have to add your own computer’s electrcitiy usage too. It doesn’t sound like much but every litte bit adds up.

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How much water on your roof powers the kettle?

January 3rd, 2009

So I decided that maybe it is a good idea to use micro pumped water storage. Sure why not, have your renewable source pump water to a tank on top of your house and then generate electricity when you release the water and it falls on a turbine. I quickly took a pen and paper and decided to see how much water you would need to power a kettle, so that I can grasp how realistic this really is. This will get pretty mathematical now.

Assume your average kettle burns 2kW, that’s 2000 J/s. Ok so how much water on the roof do you need to get 2000 joules? Assume a perfect conversion of potential energy to electricity and a g of 10. Potential energy = mgh so 2000J = m x 10 x 5 metres (the height of the house). That means we need 40 litres per second. Assume it takes 5 minutes to boil a full kettle. That means 5 x 60 = 300 seconds. Now 40 litres per second multiplied by 300 seconds, that’s 12,000 litres.

A lot of water to make some tea. That means that you need 12 tons on your roof. I think structural engineers might not like this idea, especially if you want to store enough water to power your home. So I guess my idea for non-battery storage in the home just evaporated. Maybe another time I will change the world.

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GreenPeace – always finds a reason to fight.

January 3rd, 2009

Yes, Greenpeace, I never did know much about what greenpeace does, I always assumed they were benign. Then as I looked at some of the things they said I realised that sometimes it just feels like they just want to argue against everything. They are just looking for reasons to protest. Sure sometimes their protests are spot on, sure someitmes they put things that were going wrong right, but they really damage their credibility when they just protest about everything. When they just talk imaginary ideas and when they are just not practical, and seem not to understand what they are talking about. And although they sound very reasonable, I think that sometimes they are not.

I took a look at their ideas about the electricity system and well, I disagree with some things, and I don’t like how they phrase certain thing to be misleading for the uninformed. I have no intention to do a fully referenced research paper on counter arguments to their full proposal, but I want to point out some things that maybe people should keep in mind when reading their arguments for Distributed electricity generation, using combined heat and power generators burning biogas.

First quick explanation to the jargon in the last sentence. Central generation is the production of electricity in massive powerplants and then distrubting the electricity over the wires to all the houses, offices, factories, etc… Distributed generation is generating electricity where it is needed, no need for all the transmisison cables and the loss that occurs as electricity travels far. Combined heat and power is generating electicity through a gas turbine and then using the heat that is produced in the process to heat up houses, offices, etc… Biogas is gas that has been produced from biological material e.g. plants or waste and not the gas we take out of wells in the ground.

So here it is the CHP plant in the middle of the district burning away gas and producing electricity and heat. The only reason it has higher efficeincy is because the heat that it produces is not wasted. But what happens when it’s summer time? What happens when we leave the house or office? Sure the heat will be used to heat up our houses still, but how useful is that? If you ask me, that is wasted heat. So during the summer CHP is just a normal small gas power plant. So the so-called 95% efficiency of some CHPs will go down the drain.

Now also think of the rural areas, it seems that everyone designs things with urban settings in mind. If the houses are far apart and only a few people live in every house, then you heating won’t go far enough and won’t heat the living space of many people. So CHP is not really a good idea in rural communities.

Burning biogas? Well where is your biogas from? Research has shown that biogas from plants tends to have a negative environmental effect rather than the positive carbon saving one we all are made to believe. It puts huge pressures on changing the use of land and burning down forests and this. in effect creates more carbon emissions than how much they would save. So biogasses made from waste I hear you saying. There is not enough. Personally I find biofuels full of issues and there is a lot of research out there that’s saying they do more bad than good.

The reason greenpeace wants to burn biogas in CHPs is not purely enviornmental, they want to decrease the dependance on foreign gas. Well if you are burning gas then you would still be dependant. There is not enough clean biogas (biogas from unharmful sources) and if you burn biogas you would still be dependant on foreign countries. Maybe those coutries no longer include Russia but you will still be dependant.

What about microrenewables? They are still not affordable and they carry a lot of technical issues with the grid because they provide intermittent power. Small generators are just that, too small to generate enough power, so while it helps it still doesn’t provide independance from thermal sources.

All this microgeneration will also require an investment in the grid infrastructure to be able to move power between different districts. Moving power of course means again that you losing it to transmission, although possibly less losses. You also need a management system to take care of which power moves where when and for how much.

So overall it is good that someone is putting pressure on politicans and governments to do something, but they are not alwyas very reasonable about it. So chill out greenpeace.

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Target the housewives – so they can save the world.

January 2nd, 2009

The BBC reported in an online article that UK housewives spend 47% of their leisure time online. I guess we can make an assumption about housewives in the rest of the world, that they also spend a large amount of time online. Married men reported in their collective voices that housewives are very influential in making household descisions. They run the house without going back to anyone, they buy everyday items without even thinking about asking (after all they are the experts) and they are highly influential in large household purchases (like cars and houses). They are very good at asking for gifts (they do take care of the house afterall and deserve some appreciation) and so are a result of even more purchases. So can we convince the housewife to ask for a wind turbine for her next birthday? A challenge worth taking.

The idea here is to use the internet to specifically target housewives and make them aware of all the different energy and environmental issues that the world is facing. Convince them to put the heating thermostat down by one degree (who else is there to change it?!) as a start. Then make them aware of the impacts of their choice of electricity supplier, Then talk about insulation. Then talk about double glazing. Then talk about buying cars. Then talk about getting a wind turbine and solar panels on the roof. Soon enough you will realise that men are out there buying wind turbines and solar panels because their wife said so.

There is a lot of energy savings to be done around the house, and housewives rule the house. Convince them and you are there, and if they are spending their time on the internet, then spend your time to meet them there. Target the housewives, and watch them save the world.

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No more gas for Ukraine

January 1st, 2009

Russia has announced today that Ukraine will not be getting any more gas from it. They couldn’t reach a deal for the supply of gas and so Russia cut the gas. Don’t worry too much about Ukraine for the next couple of months. They have reserves but in the big scheme of things a couple of months of reserves are not exactly much. Ukraine said that it won’t take any of the gas supplied to the EU that’s running through the pipes on its territories.

The question is what does Ukraine do when the reserves run out. Let’s explore the options.

Run out of gas, who needs gas anyway? Well there is industrial gas and retail gas, and a lot of industrial gas will be used in power plants to generate electricity. So some of the electricity goes down, sounds catastrophic but that’s not even the big deal. The big deal is what happens if retail (houses and the like) get cut off. Not much, but what happens when the gas eventually gets reconnected. Now that’s a big deal. Because grandma can’t remember whether she left the gas on or off (the grandma example is borrowed) and what happens when the gas gets reconnected, KABOOM! And since most of us don’t like kabooms the procedure is for a gas man to go check each and every burner point. Yes, that is the procedure, make sure that every gas burner is off before giving the go signal. How many houses are in Ukraine, and how many gas men are there? My guess is it would take more than 5 years, unless they decide that an announcement on TV is enough in which case it will take 5 minutes and some explosion cleanup.

Next is take the EU gas that’s running through. This means that the EU is not happy and if the EU is not happy then no one is happy with Ukraine. It’s not good to steal from your neighbours and make your allies your enemies. There is no way Russia will be pumping more gas to compensate for the theft and this will put the EU in Ukraine’s position of running out of gas, and as we found out no one likes that.

Pay Up. Yeah Ukraine if you are taking gas you should pay for it. Well Russia is abusing that, it has levied late-payment fees on Ukraine for not paying up for the gas they took on time. Russia wants 2 billion pounds sterling and Ukraine said it had paid 1billion which is their gas bill. Sounds like Russia has levied a 1 billion late-payment fee, a bit hefty. Considering the lack of funds available in the world now and the state of Ukraine’s economy another 1 billion is expensive. The main issue here however is that Russia is being a bit of a bully.

So 3 options to look at Run out, Steal and Pay up. Run out = disaster, no electricity, no gas, expensive, dangerous and time-consuming reconnection. Steal = Make your firends your enemies and risk their intervention. Pay Up = losing face big time and telling Russia it is OK to be a bully. As the reserves run out we will find how things evolve. There are of course endless options for creative things to do, so what do you think will happen?

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Woke up to 2009…

January 1st, 2009

… let’s see what this year will bring. A worse recession? Cheaper oil? Failing currencies? No investment in the green industry? Obama? more national debt? more insolvencies? smaller, more efficient cars? climate disasters because the cars came too late?

I figure by the end of 2009 after all the shops and chains we are used to go bankrupt, we will get new ones and the retail world will be changed.

They are going to be bad times unless you are sitting on cash, cash is king now, best times for investment. Better start searching for cheaper ways to live.

A walk in the park? Spear hunting and eating your hunted? A walking tour of the city? Sitting in the living room with friends? Seeing how cold you can leave your house without freezing? Listening to your old CD collection? Surfing the internet? Drinking hot water (instead of coffee)? All ways to entertain yourself on the cheap.

Wishing you all the best in 2009!

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